The quality of different varieties of strain is determined by its suitability to the soil, climatic conditions and the right choice of grafting, which, besides ensuring good production also increases resistance to pests in general.
The ideal location for the establishment of a vineyard are the slopes that unemo insolation factor with good soil drainage.
The rows should follow the north-south direction, to protect plants from wind and expose the bunches of grapes to the sun "good" - morning and afternoon - defending them from solar radiation aggressive midday.
Different planting systems are used according to the need of strain as a function of topography, sunlight, etc.. And grouped into three main types:
Tree, the vine grows as a shrub and curls up naturally available in the branches. System used in hot regions or low humidity.
Trellis: the branches of the vine are driven horizontally in a pergola, which ensures high productivity and consequent loss of quality, since the bunches are hung in a frame of leaves and branches, not receiving the necessary sunlight. Currently, this technique has been used for the production of table grapes.
Espalier: parallel wires make the connection between vertical feet of vine planted in rows, allowing the grapes receive direct sunlight, and allow mechanical harvesting.
To maintain the quality of the vineyard, it is necessary to make an annual pruning, at the time when the vine is dormant, taking away the sterile shoots and side branches so that the same number of branches and buds is maintained. Thus, in season, the plant will distribute the sap in a balanced way, directing it mainly to the fruit. Other pruning can be done throughout the year for removal of excess leaves, allowing greater insolation of clusters and reduces moisture, reducing the risk of disease.
For wine to keep its quality, it is necessary that the vineyard from which to draw their grapes has an average age ideal. For this purpose, to disregard the harvested grapes in the first four or five years of life of the plant, and at the same time, the replanting is programmed so that the replacement is made vines have decay.
To establish the timing of the harvest is necessary to examine the strain in question, the weather conditions and how far reached the ripening of fruit, either intentional or fortuitous that point.
In the southern hemisphere, the harvest goes from January to March, and in the northern hemisphere from September to November.
No comments:
Post a Comment